SARS-CoV-2 genome regions included in this database:

gene start end name accesion protein_legth function
5_UTR 1 265 5’ non coding region
leader 266 805 nsp1 YP_009725297.1 180 Inhibits host gene expression and interferon signaling (Züst et al. 2007; Narayanan et al. 2008; Kamitani et al. 2009; Narayanan et al. 2015)
nsp2 806 2719 nsp2 YP_009725298.1 638 May assist other viral proteins in their function, interacting with several of them, but its specific function is not known yet (Prentice et al. 2004; von Brunn et al. 2007).
nsp3 2720 8554 nsp3 YP_009725299.1 1945 Papain-like protease with phosphatase activity. Performs proteolytic cleavage of the polyproteins (Saikatendu et al. 2005). Inhibits components of NF-κB, interferon-beta and p53 signaling. It may participate in membrane rearrangements with nsp4 (Wathelet et al. 2007; Hagemeijer et al. 2014; Yuan et al. 2015)
nsp4 8555 10054 nsp4 YP_009725300.1 500 Essential to membrane rearrangements during viral replication (Angelini et al. 2013; Sakai et al. 2017).
3C_like_protease 10055 10972 nsp5 YP_009725301.1 306 Also known as 3C-like proteinase, its main role is to cleave the viral polyprotein to generate the active forms of the nonstructural proteins (Ziebuhr et al. 2000; Anand et al. 2003; Perlman and Netland 2009)
nsp6 10973 11842 nsp6 YP_009742613.1 290 Participates in membrane rearrangements and autophagy (Angelini et al. 2013).
nsp7 11843 12091 nsp7 YP_009725303.1 83 Part of the replication complex (nsp7-nsp8-nsp12). It forms an hexadecameric complex with nsp8 that may act as a processivity clamp for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Zhai et al. 2005; Smith and Denison 2013)
nsp8 12092 12685 nsp8 YP_009725304.1 198 Part of the replication complex (nsp7-nsp8-nsp12). It forms an hexadecameric complex with nsp7 that may act as a processivity clamp for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Zhai et al. 2005; Smith and Denison 2013)
nsp9 12686 13024 nsp9 YP_009725305.1 113 Forms homodimers that bind and protect the viral genome from degradation during replication (Sutton et al. 2004; Ponnusamy et al. 2008).
nsp10 13025 13441 nsp10 YP_009725306.1 139 Forms complexes with nsp14 and nsp16, which perform 3’-5’ exoribonuclease and 2'-O-methyltransferase activities, respectively (Bouvet et al. 2010; Wang et al. 2015).
RNA_pol 13442 16236 nsp12 YP_009725307.1 932 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the core of the replication complex (nsp7-nsp8-nsp12) (Smith and Denison 2013; Gao et al. 2020).
helicase 16237 18039 nsp13 YP_009725308.1 601 RNA helicase with NTPase, dNTPase and RTpase activities (Ivanov and Ziebuhr 2004).
exonuclease 18040 19620 nsp14 YP_009725309.1 527 3'-to-5' exonuclease with proofreading activity (Chen et al. 2007; Ma et al. 2015)
endoRNAse 19621 20658 nsp15 YP_009725310.1 346 Nidoviral RNA uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) (Kim et al. 2020
methyltransferase 20659 21555 nsp16 YP_009725311.1 298 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase. In association with nsp10, it is involved in capping of viral mRNA to protect it from host degradation (Decroly et al. 2011).
5_spike 21556 21562 5’ region of the spike gene
spike 21563 25384 S YP_009724390.1 1273 Spike glycoprotein. Main means of virus entry into host cells. These highly glycosylated proteins protrude from the viral surface to interact with the host cell receptor(s) (Walls et al. 2020).
5_ORF3a 25385 25392 5’ region of the ORF3a gene
ORF3a 25393 26220 ORF3a YP_009724391.1 275 Forms homotetramers with ion channel properties (Lu et al. 2006). Linked to inflammatory, IFN and innate immunity responses, it triggers apoptosis and modulates cell cycle (Kanzawa et al. 2006; Yuan et al. 2007; Padhan et al. 2008; Minakshi et al. 2009)
5_E 26221 26244 5’ region of the E gene
E 26245 26472 E YP_009724392.1 75 Envelope protein. Minor structural protein that forms pentameric ion channels in host ER membranes (Li et al. 2014). Involved in overexpression of cytokines and exaggerated immune response (X. Fang et al. 2007; Siu et al. 2009)
5_M 26473 26522 5’ region of the M gene
M 26523 27191 M YP_009724393.1 222 Membrane glycoprotein. Required for membrane curvature initiation, RNA packing, and viral particle budding (Neuman et al. 2011).
5_ORF6 27192 27201 5’ region of the ORF6 gene
ORF6 27202 27387 ORF6 YP_009724394.1 61 Enhances viral replication (Huang et al. 2007; Zhao et al. 2009)
5_ORF7a 27388 27393 5’ region of the ORF7 gene
ORF7a 27394 27759 ORF7a YP_009724395.1 121 Prevents virus tethering at the plasma membrane by binding to BTS-2 (Taylor et al. 2015)
ORF7b 27756 27887 ORF7b YP_009725318.1 43 Integral transmembrane protein. Its function is unclear (Pekosz et al. 2006; Schaecheret al. 2007)
5_ORF8 27888 27893 5’ region of the ORF8 gene
ORF8 27894 28259 ORF8 YP_009724396.1 121 Accessory protein involved in enhanced virus replication (Muth et al. 2018).
5_N 28260 28273 5’ region of the N gene
N 28274 29533 N YP_009724397.2 419 Nucleocapsid. Packages the viral RNA to form a ribonucleocapsid, playing a key role in viral assembly (Chang et al. 2009).
5_ORF10 29534 29557 5’ region of the ORF10 gene
ORF10 29558 29674 ORF10 YP_009725255.1 38 Accessory protein with potential role in inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) (D.E. Gordon et al. 2020a)
5_3_UTR 29675 29903 3’ non coding region